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REPORT OF 
THE CODIFICATION COMMITTEE 



THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION 
OF CORPORATION SCHOOLS 



Copyright, 1916, by 
THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CORPORATION SCHOOLS 






THE CODIFICATION COMMITTEE 



Mr. HARRY TIPPER, Chairman 
THE TEXAS COMPANY 
New York, N. Y. 

Mr. T. M. AMBLER 

BROOKLYN UNION GAS COMPANY 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Mr. A. BLUMENTHAL 

BING & BING CONSTRUCTION CO., Inc. 
New York, N. Y. 

Mr. K. W. WATERSON 

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH 
COMPANY 

New York, N. Y. 



JUN 28 1916 

©CU433527 
*^1> / . 



REPORT OF THE CODIFICATION COMMITTEE 

The digest which is presented herewith and the cross index 
which is made a part of it, are the result of the questionnaire 
sent out by the Codification Committee early in this fiscal year. 
The digest is based upon the folders which contain the details 
of the. school work conducted by the members who answered the 
questionnaire. It is obviously impossible to print all these de- 
tails as the different methods employed and the different arrange- 
ments of the courses would necessitate several volumes in order 
to work it out. However, the original digest, which is the earlier 
part of this report, has been arranged so as to refer back to the 
folders containing the original data, the folders being numbered 
in accordance with the industrial divisions upon which the whole 
scheme of indexing has been based. The object of the digest, 
the indexing and the cross-indexing has been to make it possible 
for members to look up general practice either in respect of the 
industry, in respect of a trade division, a school or a course, and 
it represents a compendium of the present practice without any 
comment on the efficiency or desirability of that practice. 

The folders in which the original material is placed are on 
hand at the office of the Executive Secretary of the Association 
and are available for Class "A" members on a loan of a limited 
time under a system similar to that adopted by a circulating 
library. A request to the office of the Executive Secretary for 
the folder on any industry, or the industry folders upon any 
subject represented in the index, will enable the secretary to 
send you the complete original data upon which this is based, 
provided that data is not already in use by another member. 

The original data is filed in folders as follows : 



1. 


Telephone 


8. 


Machinery 


2. 


Retail Stores 


9. 


Motor Cars 


3. 


Shipbuilding 


10. 


Mail Order 


4. 


Printing and Publishing 


11. 


Hardware Supplies, etc. 


5. 


Insurance 


12. 


Rubber Goods. 


6. 


Office Supplies 


13. 


Electric Companies 


7. 


Railroads 


14. 


Gas and Electric Light 






15. 


Steel.- 



these folders being subdivided as far as possible. 

3 



The Committee hopes that this work will be found valuable 
to the members of the Association as it has attempted to place 
it on such a basis that it will be readily available for reference. 

Harry Tipper, Chairman. 

To secure the necessary information from which to codify 
the educational courses given by the Class "A" members of The 
National Association of Corporation Schools, the following 
questionnaire was sent to all industrial institutions having Class 
"A" membership in our Association. 

QUESTIONNAIRE 

Most institutions can be subdivided into the following head- 
ings : Factory or production, marketing, accounting, office work 
and transportation. 

1 What divisions of your business, as detailed above, do your educa- 

tional courses cover? 
How long has your educational work been in operation? 

2 (a) Is enrollment optional or compulsory? 

(b) Are sessions held on Company time or employes' time, or both; 
if the latter, state division. 

3 Which courses are designed to teach trades or professions, and 

which are designed to equip employes to render better service 
and to advance to higher positions in your Company? 
How many employes have been enrolled in your school? 

4 (a) What percentage of your employes have completed your courses? 

(b) What percentage are now under instruction? 

(c) What percentage of those instructed are now in your employ. 

5 Do you make an educational requirement or can any employe receive 

instruction through your Company School? 

6 (a) Are employes paid while receiving instruction? 

(b) How many hours of instruction per week, month, or year do 
your employes receive? 

7 (a) How is your educational department organized? 

(b) Is your instructor-in-charge a professional teacher? 

(c) Are his assistants employes or professional teachers? 

8 Is the educational work of your Company conducted in rooms pro- 

vided by the Company or is the work carried on through the 
public schools, high schools, Young Men's Christian Associations, 
colleges or other educational institutions? 

9 (a) Have you been able to secure satisfactory text-books. If so, 

kindly give the list of those found most helpful, 
(b) If you have found it desirable to prepare your own lesson sheets 
kindly send us sample sets. 



10 (a) Do you grant certificates to employes that complete their school 
work with satisfactory ratings? 

(b) Do you give any other form of reward? 

(c) Are employes' school records considered a basis for promotion? 

Note: Kindly send complete curriculum for all courses and 
if special courses are given covering such subjects as Health, 
Safety, etc., please give general outline and state results secured. 
Also, please state if your Company is giving attention to voca- 
tional guidance. 

INDEX 
INDUSTRIES 

PAGE 

Telephone 5 

Retail Stores 6 

Shipbuilding 7 

Printing and Publishing . . . . 9 

Insurance 10 

Office Supplies 11 

Railroads 12 

Machinery 15 

Motor Cars 19 

Mail Order 21 

Hardware Supplies, etc 25 

Rubber Goods 28 

Electric Companies 29 

Gas and Electric Light 33 

Steel 37 

TELEPHONE COMPANY 

Answers — 6. 

Divisions 

Production, Traffic, Accounting, Office. 

Operating— -Different companies vary from 6 months to 8 
years. 

Schools 

Class and Correspondence. 



6 

Enrollment 

Class work — compulsory. 

Correspondence — optional. 
Object 

To equip employes for better service and promotion. 
Number enrolled and percentage as to completing course, etc. 

(Only one company gives the figures relating to above.) 



At Present No. 




Under 


Still 


Enrolled 


Graduates 


Instruction 


Employed 


541 


416 


35% 


73% 



Rooms and Equipment 
Company. 

Organization 

Principal and such assistants as are necessary. 
Instructors 

Not professional. 
Textbooks — No. (Lesson sheets in folder "Telephone.") 

Subjects only those peculiar to telephone installation, repair 
and switchboard work. 

RETAIL STORES 
Answers — 2. 

School of Marketing (2) 

1. Operating 2y 2 years. 

1. Operating 8 years. 
Enrollment 

Compulsory. 

Company's time. 
Object of Course 

1. To teach our goods, Business methods, policies and per- 
sonnel of company and develop better service. 

1. Develop selling ability. 
No. enrolled 
215. 

3000. 

1. Unable to give percentage of completed, under instruction 

now in employ. 
1. Courses continuous, about 50% now in employ. 



Enrollment requirements 

None. 
Payment 

1 Paid during instruction. Hours of instruction vary, one 

hour every two weeks, one hour a week. 
1. Paid during instruction. Hours of instruction, fifty hours 
per week for three weeks, correspondence course three 
weeks. 

Instructors 

1. Store instructor in charge; non-professional although 

teaches in evening high school. No assistants. 
1. Both instructor in charge and assistants professional. 

Rooms and Equipment 

Furnished by Company. 

Textbooks 

Have found no textbooks that fit our business. 
Economist Training School course and all data can get from 
Trade Journals. 
Diplomas 

Give no diplomas, rewards (except one gives silver pin after 

year's work.) 
Do not consider records. 
For detailed information refer folder (Retail Stores). 

SHIPBUILDING 
Answers — 2. 

School 

Trade. Covers no particular division. 
All trades. 

Length of Course 

About four years and six years. 
Enrollment 

1. Compulsory for apprentices; optional for others. 

1. Compulsory for all. 

Time 

2. Employes time. 
Object of course 

To prepare for higher positions. 



8 

No. enrolled 

600. 

275. 

60% completed course. 

Practically none. 

10% under instruction. 

4^4% under instruction. 

Practically all. 

About 55%. 
Who may enroll 

No educational requirements ; anyone between 14 and 20. 

Must have grammar school education or its equivalent. 

Paid during instruction 
2. No. 
2. Four hours per week. 

Rooms and Equipment 

Furnished and maintained by companies. 
Shipbuilding classes nearly all held in city buildings or 
Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. 

Organisation 

Director and seven instructors — non-professional employes. 
Engineers with previous teaching experience. 

Rooms and Equipment 

Classes conducted in High Schools, Y. M. C. A., and City's 
building. 

Textbooks 

1. None — have found some preliminary work but nothing 
in presentable form. 

1. Norris & Smith — Shop Arithmetic. 
Clark's Slide Rule. 
Correspondence School textbooks. 

Diploma 

2. Give diploma ; $100.00 bonus ; consider record. 
1. No definite curriculum. 

1. Campaign of safety and health; talks, moving pictures, 
bulletin boards, analysis and preventative methods. 
Interesting data in letter of March 14, from Newport News 
Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co. 



9 



PRINTING AND PUBLISHING 

ANSWERS 

1. Production — Accounting office work — Since July, 1908. 

2. (a) With apprentices compulsory. 
(b) On company's time. 

3. All regular apprentice courses to teach trades and at same 

time to advance to higher positions if qualified. 

High school graduate course is designed to supply effi- 
cient executives. 

Number enrolled — about 175. 

4. (a) Small percentage as our first class graduated August, 

1914. 

(b) About 20%. 

(c) All graduates now in our employ, 

5. Grammar-school graduates, at least, to enter our courses, 

or receive instruction in our school. 

6. (a) Yes. 

(b) Pre-apprentices — ages between 14 and 16 years — 3j4 
hours daily for two years — Regular apprentices from 2y 2 
to 5 hours weekly. 

7. (a) As a regular school. Supervisor of Apprentices in 

charge; three assistants. 

(b) Yes. 

(c) One professional teacher, two trained shop men, who 
now act full time as teachers of trade subjects. 

8. Company provides school room. 

9. (a) Geometry — Hill-Ginn & Co. 
English — Knight-American Book Co. 

Physics — Mann & Twiss — Scott Foresman & Co. 

(b) We have texts in English, Arithmetic, Design and 

Composition, Bookkeeping and Presswork. We are using 

most of them in proof form and will publish them later. 

English will send copy. Arithmetic out of print. Others 

still in proof form. 

10. (a) Yes — diploma. 

(b) Bonus — see booklet sent under separate cover. 

(c) Yes. 



10 






Answers — 3. 


IJNbUKArML-iL 




1. Marketing — operating — 12 years. 




1. Marketing and office — 7 years. 




1. Marketing and 


office. 




Enrollment 






2. Voluntary. 


• 




1. Compulsory. 






Length of Course 






1 to 6 weeks. 






1 to 30 weeks. 






1. No answer. 






Time 






2. Employes. 






1. Company. 






Object 






Better service. 






Number Enrolled 


• 






completed course 


under instruction 


759 


all 


25% 


1050 (total) 


23% 


5.9% 


17000 (total) 


7.30% 








Now employed — 50%. 
Now employed — 46%. 
Now employed — all. 

Enrollment requirements 

1. Any employe. 

2. Must conform to company standard. 
Paid During Course 

2. Yes. 

1. No. 
Instructors 

Directors, heads of departments with long experience. 

Assistants, Employes with long experience. 
Hours of Instruction 

One hour a week — 30 weeks. 

Entire time — 6 weeks. 

No definite time. 



11 

Rooms 

Furnished by company. 

Textbooks 

2. Have own textbooks. 

1. Uses. 

Baker's "Correct English and How to Use It." 
Wentworth's Elementary Algebra. 
Hall and Knight's Elementary Algebra. 

Diplomas 

2. Do not give diplomas. 
1. Gives diplomas. 

No rewards. 

1. Considers records. 

2. Considers records only in general way. 

For more detailed information refer to folder (Insurance). 

OFFICE SUPPLIES 

Answers — 2. 

Trade School 
Course in 

Marketing in operation 8 months. 

Production, Marketing, office work, operating, about 30 
years. 

Enrollment 

Optional, except for apprentices and salesmen. 
Compulsory. 

Time 

Agents — company's time ; all others employes time. 
Company time. 

Object 

Definite trades in apprentice school — Selling school teaches 
selling only. 

Length of Course 

All managers and salesmen have completed course. 
1. Education continuous. 

-Practically all are in our employ. 
1. Does not answer this question. 



12 

Enrollment requirements 

1. Second year high school course for apprentices, other 
factory classes, no special requirement. 
Salesmen certain experience! 
1. All managers and salesmen may receive instruction. 

Payment 
1. Yes. 
1. No. 

Hours of instruction 
No set time. 

Instructors 

1. Non-professional director for salesmanship school. 

Professional instructor for English. 
1. One employe in charge who gives all his time to the 
work — no assistants. 

Rooms 

In company's offices. 

Partly in rooms provided by company; other parts in co- 
operative high school and Engineering School. 
Textbooks 

Write own sales manual. 

Pace Course of Business English. 

Alexander Hamilton Course. 

Diplomas 

1. Only to Agent's training class. 

1. Have never presented diplomas. 

2. No bonuses. 

2. Records considered. 

BUSINESS RAILROADS 

Answers — 3. 

Divisions 

2. Factory and Production. 
1. All principal divisions. 

Operating 

11 years. 
5 years. 






13 



Enrollment 

Sy 2 years. 

2. Compulsory. 
I. Optional. 

Time 

3. Company. 
Object 

3. Primarily to teach trades — more efficient service fit 
for higher positions. 
Enrolled 

1. 950. 

70% completed course. 
100% under instruction. 
71% now in employ. 

2. Information not available. 
1. 27. 

13 completed course — 1-30 of 1%. 
10 under instruction — 1-40 of 1%. 
All graduates now in employ. 
Enrollment Requirements 

1. "Ability and promise." No educational requirement is 
made, but about four-fifths have been college graduates. 
1. Must pass entrance examination (examination not indi- 
cated, only apprentices eligible). 
1. "Educational requirement" (not specified). 
Paid 

3. Yes. 

Hours of instruction 

1. Four hours per week for 42 weeks per year. 

1. Four hours per week throughout four-year course. 

1. "All their time." 
Organisation 

1. Apprenticeship department in charge of supervisor of 
apprentices, who reports to vice-president. This super- 
visor has charge of all apprentices in each branch 
from a central office. Each course in charge of local 
school instructor and a shop instructor for shop ap- 
prentices. At two or more points sometimes in charge 
of traveling instructor. About fifty instructors in ap- 
prenticeship work at present. 



14 

1. Supervisor of apprenticeship schools in charge of all 
schools all lines East. Responsible to Gen. Supt. Mo- 
tive Power. Reports sent to Gen. Supt. Motive 
Power and Dean of School of Engineering, Pa., St. 
College. Apprenticeship instructors report to super- 
intendent Motive Power and respective master me- 
chanics. A shop foreman of apprentices reports to 
superintendent of motive power. 

1. Professional teacher in charge who is also chief clerk 
to the president and devotes only a part of his time 
to such work. 

Instructors 

. 1. Technical college graduates for mechanical school in- 
structors — shop assistants, selected mechanics who 
have special fitness for training young men. 
1. Instructors have teaching experience or else special 

ability along these lines. 
1. Neither instructor in charge nor assistants are profes- 
sional teachers. 

Rooms and Equipment 
Company. 

Textbooks 

1. Unable to find satisfactory textbooks. 
1. Textbooks used to some extent — instruction mostly 
through loose-leaf note books compiled in main office. 
Hale's Practical Application of Mathematics. 
Hale's Practical Mechanics and Allied Subjects. 
1. Refer to Southern Pac. Student Course Exhibit "A" 
Pgs.— 63-64. 

Diplomas 

1. Yes. 

2. No. 

Bonuses 

1. $75.00 upon graduation; addition $75.00 six months 

later if still in company's employ. 

2. No. 

Records 

3. Records considered. 



15 



Courses 

General Course. 

Operation and Maintenance. 

Passenger and Freight Traffic. 

Accounting. 

Note — For more detailed information see folder "Railroads." 
And books to be read with these courses in Exhibit "A," South- 
ern Pacific Railroad. 

BUSINESS— MACHINERY 

Answers — 6. 

Schools 

5. Apprentice. 

2. Apprentice, add special apprentice. 

1. Sales and Office. 

1. Apprentice, Sales and Office account added. 

Enrollment 

Trade School — Four Compulsory. 
Other schools — Optional. 

Length of Course 

Including, apprentice, special apprentice, drawing room, two 

to four years. 
Including sales, office and accounting, one to three years. 
Office, three months to one year. 

Number Enrolled 
1. 257. 

19% completed course. 

30% now under instruction. 

44% now employed. 
1. 235. 

150. Apprentice. 1% have completed course. 

45 Drawing room. 25% are employed in shop. 

30. Office. 
1. 150. Trade Apprentices. 

25% completed. 

6.3% under instruction. 

52% employed in company. 



16 

1. 20. Office, 50% of employes. 
1. 200. 

22% completed course. 

1.5% under instruction. 

81.8% still employed. 

1. 5% of employes enrolled — total number come in contact 

with educational department sometime during service. 

Enrollment Requirement 

2. Any employe between the ages of sixteen and twenty 

years who speaks and writes English. 

3. Selected for qualifications. 

1. Must have common school course before entering. 

Payment 

5. Paid while studying. 
1. Drawing room — paid. 
Apprentices not paid. 

Hours of Instruction 

Apprentices : Varies from 50 hours per year to "instruc- 
tion during all working hours." 
Other courses : From three hours to four hours per week. 

Instructors 

1. Professional instructor — no assistants. 
1. Professional instructor with assistants from company 
for each special division of the work. 

3. Under direction of general manager of company with 

assistants in each line. 
1. No regular instructor — in charge factory foreman. 

Diplomas and Rewards 

4. Give diplomas or certificates, one of these gives bonus 

of $100 to apprentices ; one no bonus except to draw- 
ing room, who receive $150 bonus. These companies 
also consider records of employes. 

1. No diploma or bonus, and record not considered. 

1. Not answered. 

Room and Equipment 

Furnished and maintained by the six companies. 

Textbooks in Trade Schools 

3. Firms use no textbooks. 



17 

2. I. H. C. Shop Arithmetic. 

Carpenter's Geographical Reader of North America. 
Pool's Gas Engines. 
Ludy's Shop Primer. 
Colvin's Shop Primer. 
1. Jameson's Elementary Practical Mechanics. 
Meriman's Strength of Materials. 
Machinery Reference Series — Iron and steel. 
Wentworth's Trigonometry. 
Wentworth's Geometry. 
Wentworth's Algebra. 

Horton's "A High School Course in Physics." 
R. H. Smith's "Textbook of Advanced Machine Work." 

Courses in Trade Apprentice Schools 

Mathematics 

Arithmetic. 

Algebra. 

Trigonometry. 

Machine mathematics. 
1. Adds. 
Physics 

English 

Reading, Geographical and Trade Publications. 

Composition (Letter Writing.) 

Writing. 
General subjects 

Civics 

Geography. 

History of the Industry. 

Drawing room Course. 
Drawing 

3. Mechanical. 

1. Adds (Gear Design.) 
(Cam Design.) 

2. Add (Machine Design.) 
1. Adds Freehand. 

Isometric. 

For more detailed information refer to folder "Machinery." 



18 

February 23, 1916. 
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE N. A. C. S. 



0) CG en 

S » ■ a 

2 S ft 12 

s g S js 

O £ H o 



Addition, subtraction, whole numbers 

multiplication, division of common fractions 

decimals. 

Proportion. 
Percentage. 
Interest, simple. 
Interest, compound. 
Arithmetical progression. 
Geometric progression. 
Square root. 
Cube root. 
Metric system. 
Mensuration. 

Reading. 
Penmanship. 
English composition. 
Business English. 
Spelling — usual words. 
Spelling — technical words. 

Geography, local physical. 
Geography, U. S. physical. 
Geography, World physical. 
Geography, Commercial products, etc. 
Geography, Commercial — R. R's. and Shipping. 

Freehand Drawing — Nature. 
Freehand Drawing — Geometrical lines. 
Freehand Drawing — Geometrical objects. 
Freehand Drawing — Perspective. 

Mechanical Drawing — Geometrical. 
Mechanical Drawing — From objects. 
Mechanical Drawing — Design. 



19 

Music — Vocal. 
Music — Reading. 

History, U. S. political. 
History, Ancient political. 
History, European political. 
History, Commercial. 
History, Industrial. 

Physiology. 
Science — Biology. 
Science — Mechanics. 
Science — Heat. 
Science — Light. 
Science — Sound. 
Science — Electricity. 
Chemistry. 

Foreign Languages 

Civics — Intimate relations of pupil with 

government ; general principles 

of government. 

BUSINESS— MOTOR CARS 

Answers — 2. 
Schools 

2. Apprenticeship — one adds evening. 
Operating 

1. Nine years. 

1. About year. 
Enrollment 

1. Compulsory for day students — optional for evening. 

1. Optional. 

2. Company time for day students. 
Number Enrolled 

1. 70 day students — 230 evening class. 

1. 

1. 20% have completed course. 

under instruction. 

40% graduates now in employ. 
1. Too new to give this information. 



20 



Enrollment requirements 

1. Must have finished grammar school course, be of good 
moral character and good physique. 

1. Must have grammar school equivalent for day course. 
Evening courses, entrance is based on length of service 

because so many are deficient in the elementary school 
work. 

Paid 

2. Yes. 

Hours of Instruction 

1. Zy 2 hours per week. 
1. 3 hours per week class work. 
47 hours per week shop work. 

Instructors 

1. In charge of professional instructor. 

Assistants technical graduates but not experienced in 
teaching. 

1. Professional instructor in charge — assistants are com- 

posed of both professional teachers and experienced 
men in the business. 

Rooms and Equipment 

2. Furnished by company. 

Diplomas and Rewards 

1. No diploma or reward; record not considered. 
1. Gives diploma and $100 bonus for perfect attendance; 
records considered. 

Textbooks 

1. Have found no textbooks which were satisfactory — 

have own lesson sheets. 
1. Norris & Smith "Shop Arithmetic." 
Norris & Craigo "Mathematics." 

Subjects in Trade Apprenticeship Courses 
Mathematics. 
Mechanical Drawing. 
Elementary Geometry. 
Elementary Trigonometry. 






I 

/V 



21 

MAIL ORDER 
Answers — 2. 

Schools 

Office — 1 operating nine years. 
1 operating five years. 

Enrollment 

1 compulsory. 

1 optional. 
Time 

Company's. 
Length of course 

1 one week to three months. 

1 

Object 

Better service. 

Number Enrolled 

1 about 1,000 from beginning. 25% completed. Number 

under instruction varies. 25% in employ. 
1 

Paid 

Yes. 

Hours of Instruction 

1 during all their work. 
1 one hour per day. 

Organization 

1. professional teacher with 5 or 6 assistants experienced 

in business. 
1 director professional — P. S. superintendent; assistants, 

college-trained teachers. 

Rooms and Equipment 

Furnished by company. 

Textbooks 

1 ordinary P. S. book. 
1 not used. 

Diplomas 

No ; no bonus ; 1 considers record. 



22 

The following subjects are included in the curriculum of 
the School : 

General Clerical Work 
Correspondence 
Use of Comptometer 
Rapid Calculation 
Typewriting 
Stenography 
Phonograph 
Transcribing 
Salesmanship 
Proof Reading 
Textiles 
Accounting 

Manual Work 

Merchandise Listing and Examining 
Package Opening and Examining 
Filling and Inspecting Orders 
Assembling Orders 
Packing and Wrapping 

Special Clerical Work 

General House System 

Mail Classifying 

Remittance Entering and Detaching 

Ready-made Order Writing and Examining 

Order Advising 

Handling of Held Orders 

Returned Goods Adjusting 

Complaint and General Mail Adjusting 

Auditing Adjustments 

Supervision and Adjusting for Head Clerks 

Mail Examining 

Merchandise Statistics 

Stock Accounting 

Sales Tabulating 

Back Order Writing and Examining 

Efficiency Records 

Traffic 

Teller Work . 






23 



Made-to-Measure Order Writing and Examining 
Order Routing 

Continuation Classes (under control of City Board of Educa- 
tion) : 

Arithmetic 
Geography- 
English 
Hygiene 
Spelling 
Penmanship 
Debating 
Use of Library 
Use of Dictionary 

Use of Newspapers and Periodicals 
General Cultural Training 



INDEX TO INFORMATION FOR CORRESPONDENTS 

IN SCHOOL 

Lessons page 

Lesson 1 — F. 7775 1 

A. — Number, Copies, Files 1 

B. — Enclosures 1 

Lesson 2 — The Composition of a Letter 2 

Lesson 3 — The Outline of a Letter 4 

A. — Form 4 

B. — Cors'. First Letters 5 

Lesson 4 — Cert. Complaints 6 

A. — Denial 6 

B. — Awards 7 

C. — Cert. Forms 7 

Lesson 5 — Non-delivery 7 

Lesson 6 — Shortage of Prods, and Groceries 

A. — Concealed 7 

B. — Apparent 8 

C. — Lost in Transit 8 

D. — Customer's Error 8 



24 . 

Lessons page 

Lesson 7 — Dmgd. and Defective Prods, and Groceries 9 

A. — Damaged 9 

B.— Defective 9 

Lesson 8 — Shtg. of Prems 9 

A. — Pack with Notions 9 

B. — Pack with Dray Notions 9 

C— On B/L with other Goods 9 

D.— Omitted 9 

E.— Manifested 10 

F.— Mailed 10 

G. — Part of Prem. short 10 

Lesson 9 — Dmgd. and Defective Prems 10 

Lesson 10 — Routine 11 

A. — Second Shipments 11 

B. — Goods to be Returned 12 

C. — Certs., Coups., D. Bs 13 

D. — Refunds and Reimbursements 14 

E. — Tabulations 14 

F. — Miscellaneous 15 

Lesson 1 1 — Guides to Dictation 16 

Lesson 12 — Spec. Cors. and Inspectors 17 

Lesson 13 — Handling Papers at Cors'. Desks 17 

Lesson 14 — Reading Mail 18 

Lesson 15 — Stock Paragraphs 19 

A. — Acknowledgment of 2nd Credit Order from Debtor 19 

B. — Brown Cert. Overdue 19 

C. — Change in Wording on Certs, and D. Bs 19 

D. — Coupons 19 

E. — Customer Expects Cash Benefits for Credit Orders 19 

F. — Customer Expects Us to Pay the Freight 19 

G. — Fiber Boxes 19 

H— Freight on Manifested Prem. O.K 20 

I. — Freight on Manifested Prem. unknown 20 

J. — General Complaint about Freight Charges 20 

K. — Present for Cash 20 

L.— Price of Order 20 

M. — Request to Ship from Chicago 20 



25 



Lessons page 

N. — Return Instructions 20 

O. — Space 2 of Order Blank 21 

P. — Substitution of Groceries for Prods 21 

Q. — Substitution of Prems. for Prods 21 

R. — Tabulations 21 

Lesson 1(5 — Forms 22 

A. — Form Letters on Unpd. Accts 22 

B. — Miscellaneous Forms 22 



HARDWARE, ETC., SUPPLIES 
Answers — 5. 

Schools 

3. Trade apprentice. 

1 adds Special Apprentice, Drafting, English. 

1 adds Office Sales. 
1. Office Sales. 
1. Office. 

Operating 

Apprentice. 5 to 10 years. 
Drafting. 3 months. 
English. 6 months. 
Sales and Office. 2 years. 

Enrollment 

3. Optional. 
1. Compulsory. 
3. Company time. 

1. Apprentice and English, company time. 
Drafting, employe's. 

Object 

Training for higher positions. 

Number Enrolled 

Completed Under Inst. Employed 

2. 75 47 55 Prac. all 

1. 150 60% all 

1. 200 — — all 

75% 70% 



26 



Enrollment Requirements 
Elementary education. 
Grammar school course. 
Grammar school course or equivalent. 
Apprentices only — no spec, requirement. 

Payment 
3. Yes. 
1. No. 

Organisation 

Director and four assistants. Director, professional. As- 
sistants include both professional and unprofessional 
teachers. 

In charge of foreman or sub-foreman. 

Instructor in charge, professional ; assistants, regular staff. 

Instructor in charge, one of heads of firm — unprofessional. 

Rooms and Equipment 

Furnished by companies. 1 encouraged to take Y. M. C. A. 
courses. 

Textbooks 

No textbooks suitable. 









Diplomas 
2. Yes. 
2. No. 



1. $100 bonus. 
3. No bonus. 1 



Office Course 
Modern Business 

For executives and clerks 



Costs 

For cost clerks and in- 
vestigators. 



Service 

For service and shipping 
clerks. 



3. Consider records. 
No specialty. 

Subjects 

Organization 

Management 

Accounting 

Ideals 

Standards 

Theory 

Records 

Time studies 

Motion studies 

Units efficiency 

Importance 

Stock 

Operations 

Routing 



27 



Letters 

For stenographers and 
dictators. 



Factory Course 
For foremen. 



English 

For foreign-speaking 
workmen. 

Mechanics 

Tools and machines. 

For selected men. 

Sales Course: Publicity 

For adv. dept. and 
others. 



Selling 

Selected men. 



Shipping 

Time records 

Mail 

Forms 

Composition 

Spelling 

Style 

Dictation 

Notes 

Typewriting 

Employment 

Discipline 

Planning 

Safety 

Hygiene 

Steel 

Inspection 

Machines 

Operations 

Speaking and writing factory 

terms and operations 
Preparation for citizenship 
Health and habits 

Tools and machines 
Shop mathematics 
Blueprint reading 
History and use of all arti- 
cles manufactured 
Advertising 
Lectures 

Magazine articles 
Booklets 
Charts 
Employe's activities 

Principles 
Channels of trade 
Goods — prices — reports 
Filed studies 
Quotas 



28 

Salesmen. Efficiency bulletins 

Conventions 
Group conferences 
Personal communications 
Sales manual 
Note. — For more detailed information see folder, "Hard- 
ware, Supplies, Etc." 

RUBBER GOODS 
Answers — 3. 

Schools 

1. One firm has school for factory, accounting and office 
work, but this school has no definite organization, in- 
struction being given by experienced men from the 
company and at their convenience. Any employe may 
enroll. Rooms provided by company. Employes are 
recommended to take efficiency courses in both public 
schools and Y. M. C. A. Expect to organize more 
definite system later. 
1. Marketing — just started. 
1. The other firm conducts. 
Trade School 
Enrollment. Compulsory. 
Time. Company's. 
Who may enroll. Only those selected. 

None have completed course, as school is only year and a 

half old. 
8,000 employes. 
110 under instruction. 

Paid during instruction. Yes. 

Time. Two hours per week for nine months. 

Organisation 

Trade school part of labor activities. Professional in- 
structor-in-charge and assistants. 
Rooms and Equipment 

Furnished by company. 
Textbooks 

Davis, Lingham, Ginn & Co., "Business English." 



29 



Diploma. Given ; no other reward ; records partially consid- 
ered. 

Course for Foremen 
Economics 

Organization and management 
Business English. 

Factory adds Rubber Manufacturing Practice. 

Engineering adds Rubber Manufacturing Practice. 
Shop mathematics. 
Mechanical drawing. 
Principles of mechanism. 

Aliens. English. 

For more detailed information refer to folder, "Rubber 
Goods." 



ELECTRIC COMPANIES 
Answers — 4. 

Division Schools 
1. Factory. 
1. Factory adds office. 

1. Factory adds marketing and accounting. 

Operating 

Factory, 25 years ; office, 2. Varies with course. 
Engineering has been operating 18 years. 

Enrollment 

2. Compulsory. 
1. Optional. 

1. Compulsory for apprentices. 

Selected for electrical engineering. 

Time 

1. Company for all day courses. 

1. Both; varies with different courses. 

2. Company time. 

Object 

4. Better service and advancement. 



years. 



30 



Courses 

Westinghouse Electric 

1. Mechanics 
Patternmaking. 
Toolmaking. 
Electrician. 

General manufacturing and electrical business adminis- 
tration, 1 year. 

Western Electric 
Engineering 
Manufacturing 
Marketing 
Drafting 
Mechanics 

Tool and instrument making 
Machine operating 
Office work 

General Electric 
Pattern making 
Moulder 
Blacksmith 
Mathematics 
Drafting 
Drawing 
Engineering 
Engineering, extension course 

Westinghouse Air Brake 
Mechanics 
Mathematics 
Drawing 

Number Enrolled 



General Electric, 4,000; others not given 

Percentage Completing Under Instruction Still Employ- 

G.E. Not available 10% No data 

W.E. 50 to 90% 

W.A.B. 

W.H.E. 



31 

Enrollment Requirements 

1. Educational requirement, but character not specified. 

1. College or technical graduate for production and en- 

gineering courses ; at grammar school — high school 
preferred for apprentices. 

2. Must be from 16 to 21 years of age, good reputation, 

strong physique, strong desire to follow trade ; one, 
simple arithmetic and English ; the other, grammar 
school equivalent. 
Paid 

2. Yes ; graduated scale. 

1. Yes; all students in day course. 

1. Yes, no; depends upon given courses. 

Hours of Instruction 

1. Apprentices, 3^2 hours class work per week; vocational 

school varies with number of courses taken. 
1. Varies according to courses; majority of courses 2 

hours per week. 
1. Receive instruction all their working hours. 
1. Four hours per week class work. 

Organisation 

1. General committee and subcommittees. 

1. Manager of educational department reports to General 
Educational Committee for engineering and commer- 
cial courses ; Supervision of Chief Draftsman for 
drafting; Superintendent of Apprentices for works 
training. 

1. Supervisor of Apprentices reports to General Super- 
intendent. 

1. Supervisor and fourteen assistants. 

Instructors 

1. Instructor-in-charge and assistants, professional. 

1. Instructor-in-charge, professional; assistants, both pro- 
fessional and employes. 

1. Instructor-in-charge, professional; assistants may be 
either. 

1. Instructor, professional; assistants, engineers, drafts- 
men, shop foremen, etc., of company. 



32 



Rooms and Equipment 

4. Company. 
Diplomas 

1. Where desired or 


Bonus 
Yes 


Records 
4. Considered 


necessary 
1. No 


No 




1. Yes 


Yes 




1. Not answered 






Text books 







1. Working blue prints used in general. 

1. No, except for some supplementary study. 

1. No. 

1. Yes. 

Well's Academic Arithmetic. 

Well's Essentials of Algebra. 

Well's New Plane and Solid Geometry. 

Well's New Plane and Spherical Trigonometry. 

Wood's Practical Grammar and Composition. 

Anthony's Mechanical Drawing. 

Slide Rule. 

Gordon's High School Course in Physics. 

Horton's Shop Mathematics. 

Halstead's Metrical Geometry. 

Clark & Dennis Elementary Chemistry (high school). 

Candy's Analytic Geometry (college). 

Osborne's Differential and Integral Calculus (college) 

Adam's Descriptive Geometry (college). 

Merriman's Mechanics of Materials (college). 

Hancock's Applied Mechanics (college). 

Weisbach * Herrman's Mechanics of Air (college). 
Subjects 

Factory: Mathematics : 
Arithmetic 
Algebra 
Drafting: adds Plane Geometry 
Solid Geometry 
Trigonometry 
Descriptive Geometry 
Mechanics 
Strength of Materials and Laboratory Work 



33 



Office: Elementary Bookkeeping 
Accountancy 
Business administration 
Business English 
Typewriting 
Arithmetic 

And all subjects peculiar to the electrical and electro- 
mechanical profession 

Note. — For more detailed information see folder, "Electric 
Companies." 

GAS AND ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANIES. 

Answers — 4. 

School 

3. Trade, two of these add Commerce. 
1. Technical, Commerce and Accounts. 

Operating 

1. Technical, 9 years. 

Commerce, 5 years. 

Accounts, 4 years. 
1. Trade and commerce, 4 years. 
1. Trade, 9 years. 
1. Not specified. 
Enrollment 

1. Technical School optional. 

Trade School compulsory. 
1. Optional. 
1. Trade, compulsory. 

Time 

1. Company. 

1. "Mostly company." 

1. Employe's time. 

Object 

2. Better service and advancement. 

1. Both to teach trade and professions and for better 

service. 
1. Not answered. 



34 



Enrolled 
1. 1,500 
1. 1,240 
1. 150 
1. Not answered 

Number who have completed course 
1. Not answered. 
1. "Have no data." 

1. Course elective; cannot be considered as ever having 
completed. 
2,300 employes, 50% enrolled. 
1. 25% completed course. 
10% not under instruction. 
20% now in employ. 

Enrollment requirement 

1. Technical course, any employe. 

Commercial course, high school course. 

Acct, no special requirement. 
1. Educational requirement, but not specific. 
1. No educational requirement. 

1. No educational requirement except the three R's. 

Paid 

2. Yes. 

2. No; courses given outside business hours. 

Hours of instruction 

1. Technical students devote entire time to trade; class 
work sessions held in evening. 
Commercial, \y 2 hours per week. 
Accounting, class work in the evenings. 
1. 1 class 3 hours daily; others 2 J / 2 weekly. 
1. Hours depend on course and plans laid down for class 

work. 
1. Varies from 4 to 12 hours per week. 

Organization 

1. Professional instructor in charge. 

Assistants technical men in company qualified to teach 
in course given. 
1. Instructor and assistants, professional men. 



35 



1. Under general supervision of educational committee, 
which consists of six superintendents, usually profes- 
sional. 

1. District organization under supervision of general su- 
perintendent. 

Rooms and Equipment 

4. Provided by company. 

Textbooks 

1. Not answered. 

1. No textbooks used; personal instruction. 
1. Standard text material entirely satisfactory. 
1. No instruction given on paper. 



Diplomas 








Bonuses 




Records 


Yes 






No 


direct 


bonus 


Not 


directly considered 


Expect 


to 


issue 


No 






No 




No 






No 






No 





Courses 

General education 

Business 

Accounting 

Trades — vocational 

Technical and professional 

Engineering and operating 

Course — General Education 
Subjects: 

Basic Principles of Individual Efficiency. 

Effective Speaking and Business Letter Writing. 

Courtesy. 

The Value of Right Thinking. 

Education — What to Learn. 

Self-Development. 

What Constitutes Individual Efficiency? 

What makes for Success? 

Choosing and Analyzing a Theme. 

Developing Original Thought. 

Framing and Address. 

Variety : Preparation for Delivery of an Address. 

Correspondence English. 



36 

Qualifications of the Business Correspondent — The Business 
Letter. 

Business Course 
Commerce. 
Shorthand. 
Typewriting. 
Salesmanship. 
Public speaking. 
Business Administration. 
Advertising. 

Accounting 
Bookkeeping 

Classification of Accounts. 
Higher accounting. 
Principles of Accounting. 
Public Utility Accounting. 

Trades — Vocational 
Sheet-metal work. 
Pattern-Making. 
Plating. 
Plumbing and Heating. 

Technical and Professional 
Free-hand Drawing. 
Mechanical Drawing; drafting. 
Architectural drawing and Structural engineering. 
Manufacturing, Distribution and Utilization of Gas. 
Utilization of Gas Appliances. 
Industrial Fuel. 
Electricity. 

Electric Meter Engineering. 
Electrical Engineering. 
Automobile Engineering. 
Fire Insurance and Fire Prevention. 
Right-of-way Work. 
Law. 
History and Development of Electricity. 

Note — For more detailed information see folder "Gas and 
Electric Light Companies." 



37 



STEEL INDUSTRY 



Answer — 3. 



Schools 

1. Trade Apprenticeship. 1 year operating. 

1. Trade Apprenticeship. Adds marketing. 3 years opera- 
ting. 

1. Trade Apprenticeship. Adds marketing and Post Gradu- 
ate. 4 years operating. 

Enrollment 

Compulsory. 

Time 

Company. 

Object 

To teach trade and develop more efficient service. 

Number Enrolled 
300. 
100. 
300. 



Percentage 








Completing 


None 


Indefinite 


Small 


Under Instruction 


100 


Ya of 1% 




Still in Employ 


all 


Practically all 


Practically all 



Requirements 

Educational requirement but information not specific. 

All employes. 

Able to read and write. 
Paid 

Yes. 
Hours of Instruction 

4 hours per week, 40 weeks. 

4 hours per week. 

All their time, entire course of 6y 2 weeks. 
Organization 

1. Trade and Post Graduate Schools under control mill 
superintendents — Sales under chief instructor. 

1. Superintendent, Assistant and Shop Instructors. 



38 

1. Training course committee consisting of chairman, secre- 
tary and educational director. Director has two assist- 
ants who devote most of their time. 

Instructors 

1. Director professional, assistants usually taken from force. 
1. Instructor in charge professional. Shop instructors, 

master mechanics and foremen. 
1. Instructor in charge not professional — assistants em- 
ployes. 

Rooms and equipment 
Company. 

Textbooks 

1. Satisfactory only on steel-making. 
Using — Tieman's "Iron and Steel." 
Using — Harbison's-Walker's "Brief Treatise on the 

Open Hearth." 
Using Bradley — Stoughton's "Metallurgy of Iron and 

Steel" for reference books. 
Prepare own literature for complete course. 
1. Yes — Use Shop Mathematics Course of the Extension 
Division of University of Wisconsin. Hale's method 
as supplementary text. Own lesson sheets. 
1. No textbooks to suit purpose — have obtained suggestions 
from the following: 

First Steps in Geometry — Wentworth & Hill. 
First Science Book — Higgins. 
Algebra for Beginners — David Eugene Smith. 
Practical Mechanics and Allied Subjects — J. W. L. 

Hale. 
Practical Applied Mathematics — J. W. L. Hale. 
(Sample lesson sheets attached.) 



Diplomas 


Bonus 


Records 


No 


No 


To limited extent 


Expect to 


Promotion 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


Vocational Guidance 






Subjects 






Trade School. 






Mathematics. 







39 

2. Drawing. 
Sales School. 

Metallurgy. 

Transportation. 

Credit and Collections. 
Post Graduate. 

Blast Furnaces. 

Open Hearth Furnaces. 

Semi-finishing Mills. 

Finishing Mills. 
Safety First. 
Hygiene. 
English. 

Civil Government. 
Good Citizenship. 
For additional information see folder "Steel Industry," and 
Bulletin N. A. C. S., June, 1915. 

Also year book American Bridge Co. 

LIST OF PAPERS PREPARED FOR TRAINING 

COURSE AMERICAN STEEL AND WIRE 

COMPANY 

Subject Number of Paper 

Introductory 

Chemistry I 

Iron Smelting II 

Order Department Work Ill (lecture) 

Steel Making IV 

Transportation of Products V (lecture) 

Rolling Mills VI 

Wire Drawing Processes VII 

Low Carbon Wire Products VIII 

Iron Sulphate IX 

Galvanizing and Tinning X 

Shafting and Screw Stock ) VT 

Straightening and Cutting \ 

Accounting Department XII (lecture) 

Bale Ties XIII 

Kegs and Hoops XIV 



40 

Subject Number of Paper 

Woven Wire Fence XV 

Barb Wire Fence ( y VT 

Concrete Reinforcement [ 

Nails XVII 

Welfare Work XVIII (lecture) 

Music and Rope Wire XIX 

Horse Shoes XX 

Heat Treatments XXI 

Flat Wire Cold Rolling XXII 

Inspections and Testing XXIII 

Odd Shaped and Special Wires XXIV 

Springs XXV 

Electro Galvanizing XXVI 

Physical Properties of Wire XXVII 

Telephone and Telegraph Wire XXVIII 

Wire Rope XXIX 

Credits, Collections and Claims XXX 

Rail Bonds XXXI 

Electrical Wires and Cables XXXII 



INDEX TO TRADE DIVISION 

PAGE 

Schools, General 40 

Office Schools .42 

Sales Schools 43 

Trade Schools 43 

Technical and Professional 45 

Accounting . . 45 

General Education 46 

SCHOOLS— GENERAL 

Trade Apprenticeship 
Special Apprenticeship 
Commercial 
Technical 
Electric Companies 

Trade Apprenticeship 
Special Apprenticeship 



41 



Technical 
Commercial 
Gas and Electric Light 
Trade 
Technical 
Commercial 

Hardware, Supplies, etc. 

Trade Apprenticeship 

Special Apprenticeship 

Commercial 
Machinery 

Trade Apprenticeship 

Special Apprenticeship 

Commercial 
Mail Order 

Office 
Motor Cars 

Trade Apprenticeship 

Office Supplies 

Trade Apprenticeship 

Commercial 
Printing and Publishing 

Trade Apprenticeship 

Commercial 

Retail Stores 
Marketing 

Rubber Goods 

Trade Apprenticeship 

Marketing 

Commercial 
Railroads 

Trade Apprenticeship 
Shipbuilding 

Trade Apprenticeship 
Steel 

Trade Apprenticeship 

Commerce 

Technical 



42 



Telephone 

nffi v Class and Correspondence 

Insurance 

Marketing 
Office 

OFFICE SCHOOLS 

Industries 

Mail Order 

Insurance 

Insurance 

Hardware Supplies, etc. 

Subjects 

Elementary Bookkeeping 

Accountancy 

Business Administration 

Business English and Composition 

Geography 

Arithmetic 

Spelling 

Penmanship 

Typewriting 

Hygiene 

Debating 

Use of Library 

Use of Dictionary 

Newspapers and Periodicals 

Organization 

Management 

Accounting 

Ideals 

Standards 

Theory of Costs 

Records 

Time Studies 

Motion Studies 

Units Efficiency 

Stock 



43 



Operation 

Routing 

Shipping 

General and Special Clerical Work 

MARKETING AND SALES SCHOOLS 

Industries 

Insurance 
Retail Stores 
Rubber Goods 

Subjects 

Metallurgy 

Transportation 

Credits and Collections 

History and Use of All Articles Manufactured 

Principles of Selling 

Channels of Trade 

Goods — Prices — Reports 

Filed Studies 

Quotas 

TRADE SCHOOLS 

Industries 

Electric Companies 

Gas and Electric Co. 

Hardware Supplies, etc. 

Machinery 

Motor Cars 

Office Supplies 

Printing and Publishing 

Rubber Goods 

Railroads 

Shipbuilding 

Steel 

Telephone 
Courses 

Science 

Manufacturing 

Mechanics 



44 



Mathematics 
Drawing 
Drafting 
Designing 
General Education 
Subjects 

Arithmetic 

Algebra 

Geometry — Plane, Solid, Descriptive 

Trigonometry 

Mechanics 

Strength of Materials 

Sheet. Metal Work 

Pattern Making 

Plating 

Plumbing and Heating 

Machine Mathematics 

Mechanical Drawing 

Tools and Machines 

Blue Print Reading 

Manufacturing Practice 

Principles of Mechanism 

Slide Rule 

Chemistry 

Iron Smelting 

Steel Making 

Transportation 

Wire Drawing 

Galvanizing and Tinning 

Electrical Wires and Cables 

Machine, Gear and Cam Design 

Freehand and Isometric Drawing 

Reading 

Composition 

Writing 

Geography 

History — Political, Commercial, Industrial 

Civics 

Physiology 

Biology 



45 



Heat 

Light 

Sound 

Electricity 

Factory Management 

History and Use of All Articles Manufactured 

History of Industry 

TECHNICAL AND PROFESSIONAL 

Electric Companies 
Gas and Electric Light 

Subjects 

Higher Mathematics 

Freehand and Mechanical Drawing 

Drafting 

Architectural Drawing 

Structural Engineering 

Manufacture, Distribution and Utilization of Gas 

Utilization of Gas Appliances 

Industrial Fuel 

Electricity 

Electric Meter Engineering 

Electrical Engineering 

Automobile Engineering 

Fire Insurance and Fire Prevention 

Right of Way Work 

Law 

History and Development of Electricity 

Economics 

SCHOOL OF ACCOUNTING 

Industry 

Gas Company 

Subjects 

Bookkeeping 

Classification of Accounts 
Higher Accounting 
Principles of Accounting 
Public Utility Accounting 



46 

GENERAL EDUCATION 

Industries 

Gas and Electric Light 

Hardware, Supplies, etc. 

Machinery 

Mail Order 

Steel 

Schools 
Trade 
Office 

Subjects 

Mathematics 

English 

Composition 

Geography 

Reading 

Chemistry 

Physics 

Physiology 

History — Political, Commercial, Industrial 

Civics 

Hygiene 

Economics 

Lectures : 

Basic Principles of Individual Efficiency 

Effective Speaking and Business Letter Writing 

Courtesy 

The Value of Right Thinking 

Education — What to Learn 

Self -Development 

What Constitutes Individual Efficiency 

What Makes for Success 

Choosing and Analyzing a Theme 

Developing Original Thought 

Framing an Address 

Variety : Preparation for Delivery of an Address 

Qualifications of the Business Correspondent 



47 



Courses page 

Accounting 47 

Marketing 47 

Drawing 48 

Business 48 

Mathematics 49 

ACCOUNTING 

Industries 

Gas and Electric Light Companies 

Printing and Publishing 

Railroads 
Schools 

Office 

School of Commerce 

Business Schools 

School of Accounting 

Subjects 

Bookkeeping 

Classification of Accounts 
Higher Accounting 
Principles of Accounting 
Public Utility Accounting 

MARKETING 

Industries 

Electric Companies 
Insurance 
Retail Stores 
Rubber Goods 

Schools 

Marketing and Sales 

Subjects 

Metallurgy 

Transportation 

Credit and Collections 

History and Use of All Articles Manufactured 

Principles of Selling 

Channels of Trade 



48 

Goods — Prices — Reports 
Filed Studies 
Quotas 

DRAWING 

Industries 

Electric Companies 

Gas and Electric Light 

Machinery 

Motor Cars 

Printing and Publishing 

Rubber Goods 

Steel 
Schools 

Trade 

Technical 
Divisions 

Mechanical 

Freehand 

Drafting 

Architectural 

BUSINESS 

Industries 

Electric Companies 
Gas and Electric Light 
Hardware, Supplies, etc. 
Mail Order 
Rubber Goods 
Steel 

Schools 

Technical 

Office 
Subjects 

Organization 

Administration 

Management 

Economics 

Salesmanship 



49 



Advertising 

Public Speaking 

Typewriting 

Shorthand 

Theory of Costs 

Records 

Time Studies 

Motion Studies 

Units Efficiency 

Stock 

Operation 

Arithmetic 

Geography 

English 

Hygiene 

MATHEMATICS 

Industries 

Hardware, Supplies, etc. 

Electric Companies 

Machinery 

Motor Cars 

Printing and Publishing 

Rubber Goods 

Steel 

Mail Order 

Schools 

Technical 

Trade 

Office 
Subjects 

Arithmetic 

Algebra 

Trigonometry 

Shop Mathematics 

Geometry — Plane, Solid, Descriptive 
Subjects 

Algebra 

Arithmetic 



50 

English 

General and Clerical Work 

Geometry 

Transportation 

Typewriting 

ALGEBRA 

- 

Industries 

Electric Companies 

Machinery 
i Motor Cars 

i Rubber Goods 

Railroads 

Steel 

Schools 
Trade 
Technical 

ARITHMETIC 

Industries 
Electric 

Gas and Electric Light 
Machinery 
Motor Cars 
Mail Order 
Office Supplies 
Printing and Publishing 
Rubber Goods 
Shipbuilding 
Steel 

Schools 
Trade 
Office 

ENGLISH 

Industries 

Rubber Goods (for foreman and aliens) 
Hardware, Supplies, etc. 
Office Supplies 



51 



Mail Order 
Machinery 
Electric Company 

Schools 

Marketing 

Trade 

Office 

GENERAL AND SPECIAL CLERICAL WORK 

Mail Order 

School 
Office 

GEOMETRY 

Industries 
Electric 
Machinery 
Motor Cars 
Hardware 
Rubber Goods 
Steel 

School 

Trade 
Technical 

TRANSPORTATION 

Steel 

School 
Sales 

TYPEWRITING 

Industries 

Electric 

Machinery 

Mail Order 

Gas and Electric Light 
School 

Office 



52 
INDEX TO COURSES 

PAGE 

Divisions — General 52 

Enrollment Requirements 54 

Courses 56 

Subjects : 58 

Textbooks 61 

Hours of Instruction 63 

Time 65 

Payment 66 

Organization 67 

Instructors "... 69 

Enrollment 71 

Number Enrolled 71 

DIVISIONS: GENERAL 

Production 

Marketing 

Accounting 

Office 

Transporatation 

Machinery 
Factory 
Sales 
Office 
Accounting 

Railroad 

Production 

Transportation 

Office 

Mail Order 
Office 

Motor Cars 
Factory 

Rubber Goods 
Factory 
Marketing 



53 



Accounting 
Office 

Electric Companies 
Production 
Marketing 
Accounting 
Office 

Gas and Electric Light 
Production 
Engineering 
Commercial 
Accounting 

Steel 

Production 
Marketing 

Office Supplies 
Production 
Marketing 
Office 

Printing and Publishing 
Production 
Accounting 
Office 

Shipbuilding 
Production 
Marketing 

Retail Stores 
Marketing 

Telephone 

Production 
Traffic 
Accounting 
Office 

Hardware, Supplies, etc. 
Production 
Marketing 
Office 



54 

Railroads 

"All principal divisions" 

Machinery 

Production 
Marketing 
Office 
Accounting 

Insurance 

Marketing 
Office 

ENROLLMENT REQUIREMENTS 

Electric Companies 

All have educational requirement. 

1. Must be college or technical graduate for production and 

engineering courses ; grammar school — high school pre- 
ferred — equivalent for apprentices. 

2. Must be from 16 to 21 years of age, of good reputation, 

strong physique, and have strong desire for chosen 
trade ; one only requires simple arithmetic and Eng- 
lish; the other grammar school equivalent. 

Gas and Electric Light 

1. Technical course — any employe. 

Commercial course, high school course. 

Accounting course, no special requirement. 
1. Educational requirement, but not specified. 
1. Nothing except the three R's. 

Hardware, Supplies, etc. 

1. Elementary education. 

2. Grammar school course or equivalent. 
Apprentices only no special requirement. 

Machinery 

2. Any employe between 16 and 20 years of age. 

2. Selected for qualifications. 

1. Must have common school course. 



55 

Motor Cars 

Grammar School course, good moral character and good 

physique. 
For day course, grammar school equivalent. 
Evening courses, entrance is based on length of service, 

because so many are deficient in the elementary school 

work. 

Mail Order 

No special requirement to qualify for instruction, although 
policy is to select high school graduates when appli- 
cations are made for employment. 

Office Supplies 

1. Two years of high school for apprentices. Other fac- 
tory classes no special requirement. Salesmen certain 
amount of experience. 

1. All managers and salesmen may receive instruction. 

Printing and Publishing 

Grammar school graduates at least. 

Retail Stores 
None 

Rubber Goods 

"Only selected employes" 

Railroads 

1. No educational requirement; ability and promise; but 
about four-fifths have been college graduates.' 

1. Only apprentices eligible and they "must pass entrance 
examination." What his examination is is not in- 
dicated. 

1. Educational requirement (not specified). 

Shipbuilding 

1. Anyone between 14 and 20. 

1. Must have grammar school education or its equivalent. 

Steel 

1. Educational requirement, but information not specific. 

1. All employes. 

1. Able to read and write. 



56 



Telephone 

Any employe. 

Insurance 

1. Any employe. 

2. "Must conform to company standard." 

COURSES 

Electric Companies 
Blacksmith 
• Business Administration 

Drafting 
Drawing 
Electricity 
Engineering 
Engineering Extension 
Manufacturing 
Marketing 
Machine operating 
Mathematics 
Mechanics 
Moulding 
Pattern Making 
Tool Making 
Office Work 

Gas and Electric Light 
Accounting 
Business 

Engineering and Operating 
General Education 
Technical and Professional 
Trades, vocational 

Hardware, Supplies, etc. 

Costs. Letters. Mechanics 
Modern Business. Factory. 
Service. English. 

Insurance 

Marketing 



57 



Machinery 

Mathematics 

Physics 

English 

Drawing 
Motor Cars 

Mathematics. 

Drawing. 
Mail Order 

General Clerical Work. 

Special Clerical Work. 

Manual Work. 

General Education. 
Office Supplies. 

Trade Apprenticeship. 

Office Work. 
Printing and Publishing 

Mathematics. 

Physics. 

Accounting. 

Art and Press Work. 
Retail Stores 

Marketing. 
Rubber Goods 

Economics. 

Organization and Management. 

Engineering. 

Rubber Manufacturing. 

Shop Mathematics. 

Mechanical Drawing. 

Principles of Mechanism. 

For Aliens in English. 
Railroads 

General course. 

Operation and Maintenance. 

Passenger and Freight Traffic. 

Accounting. 
Shipbuilding 

Fundamentals. 

Citizenship. 



58 

Steel 

Mathematics. 
Drawing. 
Manufacturing. 
Business operation. 
General. 

SUBJECTS 

Trade Schools 
Arithmetic. 
Algebra. 

Plane Geometry. 
Solid Geometry. 
Descriptive Geometry. 
Trigonometry. 
Mechanics. 

Strength of Materials. 
Sheet Metal Work. 
Pattern Making. 
Plating. 

Plumbing and Heating. 
Machine Mathematics. 
Mechanical Drawing. 
Tools and Machines. 
Blueprint Reading. 
Manufacturing Practice. 
Principles of Mechanism. 
Slide Rule. 
Chemistry. 
Iron Smelting. 
Steel Making. 
Transportation. 
Wire Drawing. 
Galvanizing and Tinning. 
Electrical Wires and Cables. 
Reading. 
Composition. 
Writing. 
Civics. 



59 



Geography. 

History of Industry. 

Machine, Gear and Cam Design. 

Freehand and Isometric Drawing. 

History — Political, Commercial, Industrial. 

Physiology. 

Science — Biology. 

Science — Mechanics. 

Science — Heat. 

Science — Light. 

Science — Sound. 

Science — Electricity. 

Factory Management. 

History and use of all articles manufactured. 

Marketing and Sales School 
Metallurgy. 
Transportation. 
Credit and Collections. 

History and Use of All Articles Manufactured. 
Principles of Selling. 
Channels of Trade. 
Goods — Prices — Reports. 
Filed Studies. 
Quotas. 

Efficiency Bulletins. 
Conventions. 
Group Conferences. 
Personal Communications. 
Sales Manual. 

Office 

Elementary Bookkeeping. 

Accountancy. 

Business Administration. 

Business English. 

Typewriting. 

Arithmetic. 

Geography. 

English. 



60 



Hygiene. 

Spelling. 

Penmanship. 

Debating. 

Use of Library. 

Use of Dictionary. 

Use of Newspapers and Periodicals. 

Organization. 

Management. 

Accounting. 

Ideals. 

Standards. 

Theory of Costs. 

Records. 

Time Studies. 

Motion Studies. 

Units Efficiency. 

Stock. 

Operation. 

Routing. 

Shipping. 

Composition. 

General and Special Clerical Work. 

Technical and Professional 

Freehand Drawing. 

Mechanical Drawing. 

Drafting. 

Architectural Drawing. 

Structural Engineering. 

Manufacture, Distribution and Utilization of Gas. 

Utilization of Gas Appliances. 

Industrial Fuel. 

Electricity. 

Electric Meter Engineering. 

Electrical Engineering. 

Automobile Engineering. 

Fire Insurance and Fire Prevention. 

Right-of-Way Work. 

Law. 



61 



History and Development of Electricity. 
Economics. 

Business School 
Commerce. 
Shorthand. 
Typewriting. 
Salesmanship. 
Public Speaking. 
Business Administration. 
Advertising. 

School of Accounting 
Bookkeeping. 

Classification of Accounts. 
Higher Accounting. 
Principles of Accounting. 
Public Utility Accounting. 

General 

Basic Principles of Individual Efficiency. 

Effective Speaking and Business Letter Writing. 

Courtesy. 

The Value of Right Thinking. 

Education — What to Learn. 

Self-Development. 

What Constitutes Individual Efficiency. 

What Makes for Success. 

Choosing and Analyzing a Theme. 

Developing Original Thought. 

Framing an Address. 

Variety : Preparation for Delivery of an Address. 

Qualifications of the Business Correspondent. 

TEXTBOOKS 

Electric Companies 

Well's Academic Arithmetic. 

Well's Essentials of Algebra. 

Well's New Plane and Solid Geometry. 

Well's New Plane and Spherical Trigonometry. 

Wood's Practical Grammar and Composition. 



62 



Anthony's Mechanical Drawing. 

Slide Rule. 

Gordon's High School Course in Physics. 

Horton's Shop Mathematics. 

Halstead's Metrical Geometry. 

Clark & Dennis Elementary Chemistry. 

Candy's Analytical Geometry. 

Osborne's Differential and Integral Calculus. 

Adam's Descriptive Geometry. 

Merriman's Mechanics of Materials. 

Hancock's Applied Mechanics. 

Weisbach & Herrman's Mechanics of Air. 

Gas and Electric Light Companies 
Hardware, Supplies, etc. 
Not used. 

Insurance 

Baker's "Correct English and How to Use It." 
Wentworth's Elementary Algebra. 
Hall & Knight's Elementary Algebra. 

Machinery 

I. H. C. Shop Arithmetic. 

Carpenter's Geographical Reader of North America. 

Pool's Gas Engines. . 

Ludy's Shop Primer. 

Colvin's Shop Primer. 

Jameson's Elementary Practical Mechanics. 

Meriman's Strength of Materials. 

Machinery Reference Series — Iron and Steel. 

Wentworth's Trigonometry. 

Wentworth's Geometry. 

Wentworth's Algebra. • 

Horton's— A High School Course in Physics. 

R. H. Smith's "Textbook of Advanced Machine Work." 

Motor Cars 

Norris & Smith "Shop Arithmetic." 
Norris & Craigo "Mathematics." 

Mail Order 

Use ordinary Public School books. 



63 

Office Supplies 

Pace "Course of Business English." 
Alexander Hamilton Course Textbooks. 

Printing and Publishing 

Hill-Ginn & Co. Geometry. 

Knight-American Book Co. English. 

Mann & Twiss and Scott Foresman & Co. Physics, 

Use own books for — English. 

Use own books for — Arithmetic. 

Use own books for — Design and Composition. 

Use own books for — Bookkeeping and Presswork, 

Retail Stores 

Do not use. 

Rubber Goods 

Davis, Lingham, Ginn & Co. "Business English." 

Railroads 

Hale's Practical Application of Mathematics. 
Hale's Practical Mechanics and Allied Subjects 

Shipbuilding 

Norris & Smith. Shop Arithmetic. 
Clark's Slide Rule. 
Correspondence School Textbooks. 

Steel 

Tieman's "Iron and Steel." 

Harbison-Walker's "Brief Treatise on the Open 

Hearth." 
. Bradley-Stoughton's "Metallurgy of Iron and Steel.'* 

HOURS OF INSTRUCTION 

Electric Companies 

1. Apprentices 2>y 2 hours class work per week. 

Vacational school varies with number of courses 
taken. 
1. Varies according to courses — majority 2 hours per 

week. 
1. All working hours. 
1. Four hours per week class work. 



64 



Gas and Electric Light 

1. Technical students devote entire time to trade. 
Class work sessions held in evening. 
Commercial, \y 2 hours per week. 
Accounting — class work in evening. 
1. One class three hours daily, others 2]/ 2 per week. 
1. Depends on course and plans laid down for class 

work. 
1. Varies from four to twelve hours per week. 

Hardware, supplies, etc. 

Only one or two companies specify the hours and these 
are short periods of from y 2 to 1 hour — others 
receive instruction all during working hours. 

Machinery 

Apprentices — Varies from 50 hours per year to in- 
struction during all working hours. 
Other courses from three hours to four hours per week. 

Motor Cars 

Three hours per week class work. 
Forty-seven hours shop work. 

Mail Order 

1. "During all their work." 
1. One hour per day. 

Office Supplies 
No set time. 

Printing and Publishing 

"Pre- Apprentices" — Three and one-half hours daily. 
"Regular Apprentices" — Two and one-half to five hours 
daily. 

Retail Stores 

Vary, one hour every two weeks. 

Vary, one hour every two weeks. 

Vary, fifty hours per week for three weeks. 

Correspondence course three weeks. 



65 



Rubber Goods 

Two hours a week for nine months. 

Railroads 

1. Four hours per week, forty-two weeks per year. 
1. Four hours per week throughout four year course. 
1. "All their time." 

Shipbuilding 

Four hours per week. 

Steel 

Four hours per week, forty weeks. 

Four hours per week. 

All their time, entire course of six and one-half weeks. 

Telephone 

Not specified. 

Insurance 

One hour per week — thirty weeks. 
Entire time — six weeks. 
No definite time. 



TIME 

Industry Company 

Electric 3 

Gas and Electric Light . . 2 

Hardware, etc 3 

Machinery 4 

Motor Cars Company 

Mail Order Company 

Office Supplies Company 

Printing and Publish. . . .Company 

Retail Stores Company 

Rubber Goods Company 

Railroads Company 

Shipbuilding Company 

Steel Company 

Telephone Company 

Insurance 2 



Varies with courses 
1 



Employe's 



Employe's 



66 



PAID WHILE UNDER INSTRUCTION? 

Electric Companies 

1. Yes, graduated scale of wages. 
1. Yes, all day students. 

1. Yes and no — depends upon given course. 
Gas and Electric Light 

2. Yes. 

2. No — courses given outside business hours. 
Hardware, Supplies, etc. 

3. Yes. 
1. No. 

Machinery 

5. Paid. 

1. Drawing- Room students paid. 
Apprentices not paid. 
Motor Cars 

Yes. 
Mail Order 

Yes. 
Office Supplies 

1. Yes. 

1. No. 

Printing and Publishing 

Yes. 
Retail Stores 

Yes. 
Rubber Goods 

Yes. 
Railroads 

Yes. 
Shipbuilding 

No. 
Steel 

Yes. 
Telephone 

No. 
Insurance 

2. Yes. 
1. No. 



67 



ORGANIZATION 



Electric Companies 

1. General committee and sub-committees. 

1. General Educational Committee to whom Manager 
of Educational Department reports for Engineer- 
ing and Commercial Course ; Chief Draftsman for 
Drawing ; Superintendent of apprentices for works 
training. 

1. Supervisor of Apprentices reports to General Super- 
intendent. 

1. Supervisor and fourteen assistants. 

Gas and Electric Light 

2. Instructor in charge and assistants. 

1. Under general supervision of educational committee, 
which consists of six superintendents, usually pro- 
fessional men. 

1. District organization under supervision of general 
superintendent. 

Hardware, Supplies, etc. 

In charge of director and four assistants. 
In charge of foreman or sub-foreman. 
Instructor in charge with assistants. 
Head of firm in charge. 

Insurance 

The educational work of each department is in charge 
of head of department with assistants. 

Machinery 

1. Under direction of professional instructor — no as- 
sistants. 

1. In charge professional instructor with assistants 
from company for each special division of the 
work. 

3. Under direction of general manager of company with 

assistants in each line. 
1. No regular instructor — in charge factory foreman. 



68 



Motor Cars 

In charge of professional instructor and assistants who 
are technical graduates. 

Mail Order 

Professional teacher with five or six assistants who are 

experienced in the business. 
Director, Public School Superintendent. 
Assistants, college trained teachers. 

Office Supplies 

Non-professional director in charge salesmanship 
school ; professional instructor for English course. 

Printing and Publishing 

Have a regular school — supervisor of apprentices in 
charge ; three assistants. 

Retail Stores 

Both instructor in charge and assistants professional. 
Non-professional (although he teaches in evening high 
school) in charge; no assistants. 

Rubber Goods 

Trade school part of Labor Activities ; Professional 
instructor in charge and assistants. 

Railroads 

1. Apprenticeship department in charge of supervisor 
of apprentices, who reports to vice-president. This 
supervisor has charge of all apprentices in each 
branch from a central office. Each course in 
charge of local school instructor and a shop in- 
structor for shop apprentices. Two or more 
points may be in charge of traveling instructor. 
About fifty instructors in apprenticeship work at 
present. 

1. Supervisor of apprenticeship schools in charge of 
all schools all lines East. Responsible to General 
Superintendent Motive Power. Reports sent to 
General Superintendent Motive Power and Dean 
of School of Engineering, Penn. State College. 



69 

Apprenticeship instructors report to superintendent 
Motive Power and respective master mechanics. 
A shop foreman of apprentices reports to super- 
intendent of motive power. 
Railroads 

1. Professional teacher in charge who is also chief 
clerk to the president and devotes only a part of 
his time to such work. 
Shipbuilding 

Director and seven instructors — non-professional em- 
ployes. 

Engineers with previous teaching experience. 
Steel 

1. Trade and post graduate schools under control mill 
superintendents ; Sales under chief instructor. 

1. Superintendent, assistant and shop instructors. 

1. Training course committee consisting of chairman, 

secretary and educational director. Director has 
two assistants who devote most of their time to 
this work. 
Telephone 

Principle and such assistants as are necessary. 

INSTRUCTORS 

Machinery 

2. Professional instructor — assistants not professors. 
1. General Manager director in charge with assistants 

in each line. 
1. No regular instructor — in charge of factory foreman. 
Railroads 

1. Technical college graduates for mechanical school 

instructors — Shop assistants selected — mechanics 

who have special fitness for training young men. 
1. Instructors have teaching experience or special 

ability along these lines. 

1. Neither instructor in charge nor assistants are pro- 

fessional teachers. 
Hardware Supplies, etc. 

2. Director professional, assistants not professional. 
2. Not professional. 



70 



Telephone 

Not professional. 

Retail Stores 

Not professional. 

Shipbuilding 

Not professional. 

Engineers with previous teaching experience. 

Publishers 

One professional teacher, two trained shop men for 
give full time to trade subjects. 

Office Supplies 

1. Non-professional director for salesmanship. 
Professional instructor for English. 
Steel 

3. Director professional — assistants usually taken from 
foreman. 

Gas and Electric Light 

1. Professional instructor in charge. 

Assistants technical men in company. 
1. Instructor and assistants professional. 
1. Under general supervision of educational committee, 
usually professional. 

1. Usually professional. 

Electric Company 

3. Instructors in charge professional. 

2. Assistants both. 

Rubber Goods 

Professional in charge. 

Motor Cars 

Professional in charge. Assistants both. 

Mail Order 

1. Professional in charge. 

1. Director- in-charge and assistants professional. 

Insurance 

Instructors and Assistants men with long experience 
in the business. 



71 



ENROLLMENT 

Compulsory for Apprentices, optional for others. 
Electric. 

Gas and Electric Light. 
Machinery. 
Office Supplies. 
Printing and Publishing. 
Railroads. 
Shipbuilding. \ 

Compulsory in 
Mail order. 

Motor Cars (day students, evening optional). 
Retail Stores. 
Rubber Goods. 
Steel. 

Telephone (Class work, correspondence optional) 
Insurance : 2 Voluntary, 1 Compulsory. 



NUMBER ENROLLED 

Electric Companies 

1. 4000; others not given. 

Completing Course, information not available. 
Under Instruction, 10%. 
Still employed. No data. 

Gas and Electric Light 
1500. 
1240. 
150. 

1. 25% completed course. 
10% under instruction. 
20% now in employ. 

Hardware, Supplies, etc. 

75. 47 completed course. 
55 under instruction. 
Practically all in employ. 



72 

150. 60% completed course. 

All under instruction. 
200. All in employ. 

Machinery 

257. 19% completed course. 

30% now under instruction. 
44 now employed. 
235. 25% are employed in shop. 
150. 25% completed course. 
6.3% under instruction. 
52% employed in company. 
20. 50% of employes. 
200. 22% completed course. 
1.5% under instruction. 
81.8% still employed. 
5% of employes enrolled — total number come in con- 
tact with educational department sometime during 
service. 

Motor Cars 

1. 70 day students. 

230 evening class. 
1. 20% completed course. 

— — under instruction. 

40% graduates now in employ. 

Mail Order 

About 1000 from the beginning. 
25% completed course. 
Number under instruction varies. 
25% still in employ. 

Office Supplies 

Educational course practically continuous. 

All managers and salesmen have completed course. 

Practically all are in employ. 

Printing and Publishing 

Small percentage has completed course.' 
About 20% under instruction. 
All graduates now in employ. 






73 



Retail Stores 

No definite information given. 

Railroads- 

1. 950. 

70% completed course. 

100% under instruction. 

71% now in employ. 
1. 27. 

13 completed course. 

10 under instruction. 

All graduates in employ. 

Shipbuilding 

600. 

60% completed course. 

10% under instruction. 

Practically all now in employ. 

275. 

Practically none have completed course. 

4^% under instruction. 

About 55% still in employ. 
Steel 

100. 

None have completed course. 

100 under instruction. 

All in employ. 

Two companies have 300 students enrolled but other 
data is very indefinite. 

Telephone 
541. 

416 have completed course. 
35% of all employes are under instruction. 
73% still employed. 

Insurance 

759. 

All have completed course. 
25% under instruction. 
50% now employed. 



74 

1050 (total). 

23% have completed course. 

5.9% under instruction. 

46% now employed. 

17000. 

7.30% completed course. 

under instruction. 

All now employed. 



MB 1 o a 








Diplomas 


Bonus 


Records 


Electric Companies ....... 


Where desired 


Yes 


Considered 




or necessary 

No. 
Yes 


No. 
Yes 


Considered 
Considered 


Gas and Electric Light .... 


Yes 

No. 

Expect to 

issue 


No. 
No. 

No. 


Not considered 
Considered 
Considered 


Hardware, Supplies, etc. . . . 


2 yes 
2 no 


i yes 
3 no 


3 considered 

i not 

considered 


Machinery 


4 yes 
i no 


2 yes 

3 no 


5 not 




considered 


Motor Cars 


No 
Yes 


No 
Yes 


Not considered 




Considered 


Mail Order 


No 

To agent's 
training class 

No 


No 
2 no 


Considered 


Office Supplies 


2 not 




considered 


Printing and Publishing . . . 


Yes 


Yes 


Considered 


Retail Stores 


No 
Yes 


No 
No 


Not considered 


Rubber Goods 


Partially 
considered 




Railroads 


1 yes 

2 no 


1 yes 

2 no 


3 considered 




Shipbuilding 


Yes 


Yes 


Considered 


Steel 


i no 

i yes 

I expects to 


No 

Yes 

Promotion 


3 yes 




Telephone 


No 


No 


No 


Insurance 


2 no 
i yes 


3 no 


i yes 

2 only in 

general way 







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